µÚÆßÕ ÑÝ˵(µÚ1/1Ò³)ҽʦ1879

    ËÄÌìÖ®ºó£¬°ËµãÖÓÔ¼º²¾Í׼ʱ´Ó´²ÉÏÅÀÁËÆðÀ´¡£

    ½ñÌìÊÇËûÈ¥¼ûÀîË¹ÌØµÄÈÕ×Ó£¬µ±È»²»ÄܺÍǰ¼¸ÌìÒ»ÑùÀµ´²£¬ÔçÔçµÄÏ´ÊþÍê±Ï£¬¸ø×Ô¼º×°±¸ÉÏĿǰ×îºÏÉíµÄÒ·þ£¬Ô¼º²ÆÈ²»¼°´ýµÄ¾Í½ÐÉϺºË¹³ö·¢ÁË¡£

    Â׶ػʼÒѧԺҽԺ¾àÀë¾Æµê²¢²»½ü£¬Âí³µÐÐÊ»ÁË×ã×ãÒ»¸öСʱ²Å¸Ïµ½¡£

    ¡°°£¶û²®ÏÈÉú£¬Äú¾Í²»ÓýøÈ¥ÁË¡£¡±

    ÏÂÁËÂí³µÖ®ºó£¬Ô¼º²Ð¦ºÇºÇµÄ³å׏ܼÒ˵µÀ£º¡°ÎÒ¶ÔÕâλÀîË¹ÌØ½ÌÊڷdz£ÓÐÐËȤ£¬»á¿´ÍêÈ«²¿µÄ¹ý³Ì£¬Äú¿ÉÒÔÏÈÈ¥¸½½ü¹äÒ»¹ä£¬Ã»ÓбØÒª·ÇÒªÅã×ÅÎҵġ£¡±

    ¡°Õâ¡­¡­¡±

    ÌýÔ¼º²Õâôһ˵£¬ººË¹¶Ùʱ±ãÓÐЩÓÌÔ¥ÁËÆðÀ´¡£ËµÊµ»°ËûȷʵÊÇÓÐЩÐ͝µÄ£¬±Ï¾¹¿´Ò»Ì¨ÑªÁÜÁܵÄÊÖÊõ¶ÔËûÀ´ËµÓÐЩ̫ΪÄÑ£¬²»¹ýÈÃÉÙÒ¯×Ô¼º´ýÔÚÕâÀï¹Ü¼ÒÏÈÉúÓÖÓÐЩ²»Ì«·ÅÐÄ£¬Òò´Ëһʱ¼äËûÓÐЩ¾À½áÁË¡£

    ¼ûººË¹Õâ·ù±íÇ飬Լº²ÐÄÖªËûÊÇÓÐЩÐ͝ÁË£¬Á¬Ã¦³ÃÈÈ´òÌúµÀ£º¡°°£¶û²®ÏÈÉú£¬ÎÒÓÖ²»ÊÇСº¢×ÓÁË£¬ÔÚÕâÖֵط½»á³öʲôÎÊÌ⣬·ÅÐĺÃÁË¡­¡­ÖÐÎçÊ®¶þµãµÄʱºò¹ýÀ´½ÓÎÒ°É£¡¡±

    ¡°ºÃ°É£¬ÏÈÉú¡£¡±

    ÉÔÉÔÓÌÔ¥ÁËÒ»ÏÂÖ®ºó£¬ººË¹µãµãÍ·´ðÓ¦ÁËÏÂÀ´¡£

    µÈººË¹×ø×ŰüÏÂÒ»ÌìµÄÂí³µÀ뿪֮ºó£¬Ô¼º²Õâ²Å°µ°µËÉÁËÒ»¿ÚÆø£¬Á³É϶³öÁËһ˿΢Ц¡£½ñÌì¼ÈÈ»À´µ½ÕâÀÈç¹ûÓпÉÄܵϰËû×ÔÈ»ÊÇÏ£ÍûÄܹ»ºÍżÏñ¼û¼ûÃæ£¬ÁÄÒ»Áĵģ¬ÄÇôººË¹ÔÚÉí±ßµÄ»°¾Í»áºÜ²»·½±ãÁË¡£

    ÐÄÖÐÇáËɵÄÔ¼º²¿ì²½×ß½øÒ½Ôº£¬ÏÈÕÒÈËÎÊÁËһϣ¬È»ºóÔÚÒ½ÔºµÄ¶þÂ¥ÕÒµ½Á˽ñÌìµÄÄ¿µÄµØ¡£

    ¡°ßí¡­¡­»¹ÓÐ10·ÖÖÓ¡£¡±

    Äóö»³±í¿´ÁË¿´Ê±¼ä£¬Ô¼º²¶¨¶¨ÉñÈÃ×Ô¼ºµÄÐÄÇ鯽¾²ÏÂÀ´£¬È»ºó²ÅÉìÊÖÈ¥ÍÆÑÛǰÕâÉÈñÒºìÉ«µÄ´óÃÅ¡£

    ¡°Ö¨Ñ½£¡¡±

    ´óÃÅ´ò¿ªÁË£¬È»ºóÒ»¹ÉÔëÔÓµÄÉùÀË˲¼ä´«ÈëÁËÔ¼º²µÄ¶ú¶äÖ®ÖС£

    ¡°ßÀ¡­¡­ÕâÊÇʲôÇé¿ö£¿£¡¡±

    ¿´×ÅÑÛǰµÄÒ»ÇУ¬Ô¼º²¶ÙʱĿµÉ¿Ú´ô£¡

    ´óÃŵı³ºó£¬ÊÇÒ»¸öÈçͬ´óѧÖн×ÌݽÌÊÒÒ»ÑùµÄ·¿¼ä£¬ºóÃæÊÇÆß°ËÅų¤ÒΣ¬Ç°ÃæÔòÊÇÒ»¸öÍÖÔ²ÐεĿյأ¬Öмä°Ú×ÅÒ»ÕŸ߸ߵĵ¥ÈË´²¡£¶ø¾ÍÔÚÔ¼º²µÄÑÛǰ£¬ÄÇЩ³¤ÒÎÉÏ´ËʱÈËÍ·Ó¿¶¯£¬¼·ÂúÁ˸÷É«¸÷ÑùµÄÈËȺ£¬ËûÃÇ´Ëʱ»ò¸ß̸À«ÂÛ£¬»òÇÔÇÔ˽ÓÈÃÕû¸ö´óÌüÈÈÄÖµÄÈçͬ½ÖÍ·µÄ²ËÊг¡Ò»Ñù£¡

    ¡°ÎÒÊDz»ÊÇÅÜ´í·¿¼äÁË£¿¡±

    ÏÂÒâʶµÄ£¬Ô¼º²ÒÔΪ×Ô¼ºÕÒ´íµØ·½ÁË£¬Á¬Ã¦×ªÉí³öÈ¥¿´ÁË¿´·¿¼äµÄºÅÂë¡£

    ¡°Ó¦¸Ã¾ÍÊÇÕâÀïû´í°¡£¡¡±

    ÄÓÁËÄÓÍ·£¬Ô¼º²¶Ô×ÅÊÖÖмǼµÄÖ½ÌõºËʵÁËÒ»±é£¬ÐÄÖÐÒÉ»óÖ®Óà×ó¹ËÓÒÅΣ¬ºÜ¿ì¾Í¿´µ½ÁËÃſڵÄÒ»¸öС¸æÊ¾£º¡°ÉÏÎçÊ®µãÖÓ£¬Ô¼Éª·ò¡¤ÀîË¹ÌØ½ÌÊÚ¡£¡±

    ¿´Çå³þÁ˸æÊ¾µÄÄÚÈÝÖ®ºó£¬Ô¼º²µÄһ˫ÑÛÖé×Ó²îµã¶ùÍ»Á˳öÀ´£¡

    ¾¹È»ÕæµÄÊÇÕâÀ

    ºÁ²»ÓÌÔ¥µÄÖØÐÂ×ß½øÕâ¼äÎÝ×Ó£¬Ô¼º²Õ¾ÔÚÃſڿ´ÁËÓÖ¿´£¬»¹ÊÇÓÐЩ²»Ì«ÏàÐÅ×Ô¼ºÕæµÄÕÒ¶ÔÁË·¿¼ä£¬ÒòΪËûʵÔÚÊÇ¿´²»³öÀ´Õâ¼äÈçͬÀñÌÃÒ»°ãµÄ·¿¼äµ½µ×ÄÄÒ»µãÏñ¸öÊÖÊõÊÒ£¡Õû¸ö·¿¼äÄܺÍÊÖÊõ³¶ÉϹØÏµµÄ¿ÖžÍÖ»ÓÐ×îÇ°ÃæµÄÄÇÕÅ´²£¬µ«ÊǺóÃæÕâô¶àΧ¹ÛµÄÈËÓÖÊÇÔõô»ØÊ¶ù£¿

    Õâ¾ÍÊǹ«¿ªÑÝʾµÄÒâ˼£¿

    ÓÃÁ¦µÄÑÊÁËÒ»¿ÚÍÂÄ­£¬Ô¼º²µÄÐÄÍ·¶ÙʱÈçͬǧ¾üÍòÂíºôÐ¥¶ø¹ý¡£¼´±ãÃ÷ÖªµÀÕâ¸öʱ´úµÄÍâ¿ÆÊÖÊõÔÚËûÕâÖÖÕæÕýµÄÐмÒÑÛÀï»á·Ç³£µÄ¼òª£¬²»¹ý°­ÓÚÀîË¹ÌØµÄºÕºÕÍþÃû£¬ËûÒÀÈ»ÒÔΪÕ⽫ÊÇÔÚÒ»¸öÏñÑùµÄÊÖÊõÊÒÖнøÐеÄÑÝʾ£¬µ«ÊÇûÏëµ½¾¹È»ÊÇÕâôһ»ØÊ¶ù£¡

    ¡°Õâ¸öʱ´úµÄÍâ¿Æ²¡ÈË£¬¿ÉÕæÊǹ»Æà²ÒµÄ°¡£¡¡±

    ²»ÖªµÀÊǵڼ¸´Î£¬Ô¼º²ÔÚÐÄÖÐΪÕâ¸öʱ´úµÄ²¡ÈËÃÇÔÙ´ÎĬ°§ÁËÒ»·ÖÖÓ¡£Î°´óÈçÀîË¹ÌØÕâÑùµÄÍâ¿ÆÒ½Ê¦×öÊÖÊõʱҲÊÇÈç´Ë£¬ÆäËûÈ˵ÄÇé¿ö×ÔÈ»¿ÉÏë¶øÖªÁË¡­¡­

    ÔÚÔ¼º²µÄºú˼ÂÒÏëÖ®ÖУ¬Ê®·ÖÖÓʱ¼äºÜ¿ì¾Í¹ýÈ¥ÁË¡£

    Ê±¼ä¸Õ¸ÕÀ´µ½Ê®µãÖÓ£¬Ç°·½×ó²àµÄÒ»¸öСÃű»´ò¿ªÁË£¬Æß°Ë¸öÈË·äÓµ¶øÈ룬ÈÃÕû¼äÎÝ×Ӻܿì¾Í°²¾²ÁËÏÂÀ´¡£

    ÀîË¹ÌØµ½ÁË£¡

    ±»°²¾²°Ñ×Ô¼º´Ó³Á˼ÖоªÐѹýÀ´£¬Ô¼º²ÑÛǰһÁÁ£¬Á¢¿Ì±ã´òÆð¾«Éñ¹Û²ìÆðÁ˽øÀ´µÄÕ⼸¸öÈË¡£ÆäÖÐÒ»¸öÁ³É«À¯»Æ£¬²½ÂÄõçõÇ£¬Ò»¿´¾ÍÖªµÀÊǽñÌìÓ¦¸ÃÌÉÔÚ´²ÉϵIJ¡ÈË£¬ÆäËû¼¸¸öÈ˶¼ÊÇÉí×ÅÎ÷·þ

    ¡°×ð¾´µÄÏÈÉúÃÇ¡£¡±

    Æ¬¿ÌÖ®ºó£¬Ò»¸öÒ¹ڳþ³þµÄÉðʿվÔÚÁĘ̈ǰ£¬´óÉùµÄ˵µÀ£º¡°»¶Ó­´ó¼ÒǰÀ´¹Û¿´ÀîË¹ÌØ½ÌÊÚÖ÷³ÖµÄÊÖÊõ¡­¡­¡±

    Ìýµ½ÕâÀïµÄʱºò£¬ÄÇÈ˺óÃæµÄ»°Ô¼º²ÒѾ­²»¹ØÐÄÁË£¬ÒòΪËûÒѾ­ÖªµÀÄÄһλÊÇÀîË¹ÌØÁË¡£

    ÕýÖÐÑëµÄλÖÃÉÏ£¬Õ¾ÔÚ×îÇ°ÃæµÄÄÇλ£¡

    ´óÔ¼ÎåÊ®¶àËêµÄÄê¼Í£¬ÉíÌå¿´ÆðÀ´ºÜǿ׳£¬Áô×Åһͷ´¹µ½¶ú¼ÊµÄ³¤·¢£¬ÕûÕûÆëÆëµÄÌùÔÚͷƤÉÏ£¬¶øÏ°ÍÉÏÔòÊÇÁô×ÅÓ¢¹úÈ˳£¼ûµÄÂçÈùºú×Ó£¬ÏÔµÃÖªÐÔ¶øÍþÑÏ¡£²»¹ýÈÃÔ¼º²Ó¡Ïó×îΪÉî¿ÌµÄÔòÊÇÀîË¹ÌØÄÇË«ÑÛ¾¦£¬°²¾²¡¢Æ½ºÍ¡¢µ­È»£¬¾ÍÏñÔ¼º²¼û¹ýµÄÎÞÊý¾­ÀúÁË·çÓêµÄ³¤ÕßÃÇÒ»Ñù¡£

    ¡°ºô¡­¡­¡±

    ³¤³¤µÄºô³öÁËÒ»¿ÚÆø£¬Ô¼º²µÄÐÄÌøÂÔÂÔ¼Ó¿ìÁËһЩ¡£

    ¾ÍÏñÊÇ×·ÐÇ×å¼ûµ½ÁË×Ô¼ºµÄżÏñÒ»Ñù£¬Ô¼º²µÄÐÄÇéÓÐЩÐ˷ܺͼ¤¶¯£¬±Ï¾¹¶ÔÓÚÒ»ÃûǰÍâ¿ÆÒ½Ê¦À´Ëµ£¬ÀîË¹ÌØ¾ÍÊÇÍâ¿ÆÑ§½ìµÄÔ¶¹Å¾ÞÉñ£¬ÔÚËûÐÄÄ¿ÖеØÎ»¿É±È°®µÏÉúÖ®ÀàµÄÃûÈËÒª¸ß¶àÁË¡£

    ºÜ¿ì£¬¾ÍÂÖµ½ÀîË¹ÌØ·¢ÑÔÁË¡£

    ±¾ÖÊÉϽ²£¬Õâ»òÐíÖ»ÊÇһ̨ÆÕͨµÄÊÖÊõ£¬µ«Í¬ÑùÊÇÀîË¹ÌØÏò´óÖÚºÍҽʦÃÇÐû´«×Ô¼ºÏû¶¾ÀíÂÛµÄÒ»¸öÕ󵨡£´ËʱÀîË¹ÌØµÄÏû¶¾ÀíÂÛ»¹Ã»Óеõ½Ò½Ñ§½çµÄ¹ã·ºÈÏͬ£¬Ö§³ÖÕßÖÚ¶àµÄͬʱ·´¶ÔÕßÈ´¸ü¶à£¬Òò´Ëÿ¸ôÒ»¶Îʱ¼äËû¶¼»á×öÒ»³¡ÕâÑùµÄ¹«¿ªÊÖÊõ£¬Í¬Ê±½øÐмò¶ÌµÄÑݽ²À´Ðû´«×Ô¼ºµÄÀíÂÛ¡£±Ï¾¹ÔÚÕâ¸öÀíÂÛÌåϵ²»¹»ÍêÉÆ£¬Í¬Ê±ÑÏÖØÈ±·¦Ö¤¾ÝµÄʱ´ú£¬ÏëҪ˵·þ±ðÈ˲»½öÀ§ÄÑ£¬¶øÇҺķÑʱÈպܳ¤£¬±ØÐëÒª¼á³Ö²»Ð¸µÄ×öÏÂÈ¥¡£

    ¡°Öîλ×ð¾´µÄÏÈÉúÃÇ£¬´ó¼ÒÉÏÎçºÃ¡£¡±

    ÔÚÖÚ¶à×Æ×ÆÄ¿¹âµÄ×¢ÊÓÏ£¬Ô¼Éª·ò¡¤ÀîË¹ÌØÎ¢Î¢¹ªÉí£¬Éñɫƽ¾²µÄ˵µÀ£º¡°Ê×ÏÈ£¬ÔÚÊÖÊõ¿ªÊ¼Ö®Ç°£¬ÇëÔÊÐíÎÒÄîÒ»¶ÎÓÉһλÍâ¿ÆÒ½Ê¦×«Ð´µÄÒÅÑÔ£¬ËüÊÇÕâÑùдµÄ£º»ØÊ×ÍùÊ£¬ÎÒÖ»ÄÜÆÚ´ýÓÐÒ»ÌìÖÕ½«ÏûÃðÕâÖÖ²úÈìÈȸÐȾ£¬²¢ÓÃÕâÑùµÄ»¹ÁËÀ´ÇýÉ¢ÎÒÉíÉϵݧÉË¡£µ«ÊÇÌì²»ËìÈËÔ¸£¬ÎÒ²»ÄÜÇ×ÑÛÄ¿¶ÃÕâÒ»ÐÒ¸£Ê±¿Ì£¬¾ÍÈüáÐÅÕâÒ»ÌìÔçÍí»áµ½À´µÄÐÅÄî×÷ΪÎÒµÄÁÙÖÕ°²Î¿°É£¡¡­¡­¡±

    ¡°ÒÁ¸ñÄÉ×È¡¤ÈüÂó¶ûά˹¡£¡±

    ¸Õ¸ÕÌýÍêÁËÒ»¶Î£¬Ô¼º²µÍÉùµÄÄî³öÁËÒ»¸öÈ˵ÄÃû×Ö¡£

    Ô¼º²ÔÚǰÊÀÌý˵¹ýÕâ¾ä»°£¬¶øÇÒÒ²Ôø¾­ÒòΪºÃÆæ¶øÑо¿¹ýÕâλÈüÂó¶ûά˹µÄʼ££¬Õâλ±¯¾çµÄÎÞ¾úÀíÂÛÏÈÇýÒ»±²×Ó¹ýµÄ±ïÇüÎޱȣ¬²»µ«¼á³ÖÁËÊ®¼¸ÄêµÄÀíÂ۵ò»µ½Ò½Ñ§½çµÄ³ÐÈÏ£¬¶øÇÒ»¹ÆµÆµµÄÔâµ½ÆäËûÈ˵ĶñÒâΧ¹¥ºÍÈèÂ×îºóÔÚ¾øÍûÖ®ÖÐÓôÓô¶øÖÕ¡£Ìýµ½Õâ¾äÊìϤµÄ»°ÓԼº²ºÜ¿ì¾ÍÃ÷°×ÁËÀîË¹ÌØµÄÒâ˼¡£

    ¡°ÕâÊÇһλΰ´óµÄÐÙÑÀÀûÒ½ÉúµÄÒÅÑÔ£¬Í¬Ê±Ò²ÊÇÎÒÏÖÔÚËù¼á³ÖµÄÒ»¸öÐÅÄ¡±

    ÄîÍêÁËÄǶλ°Ö®ºó£¬ÀîË¹ÌØÀÊÉùµÀ£º¡°ÔÚ·¨¹ú£¬ÁîÈË×𾴵İÍ˹µÂÏÈÉúÔÚÊ®¶àÄêǰ±ãÓÐÁËÒ»¸öΰ´óµÄ·¢ÏÖ£¬ÄǾÍÊÇÔÚÎÒÃǵÄÊÀ½çÖдæÔÚ×ÅÒ»Öַdz£Î¢Ð¡µÄÉúÎËüÃÇÄܹ»µ¼ÖÂÎÒÃǵÄÉ˿ڻ¯Å§¡­¡­¡±

    ¡°ÄãÊǸöÆ­×Ó£¬Âú¿ÚµÄºú˵°ËµÀ£¡¡±

    ¾ÍÔÚ´Ëʱ£¬Ì¨½×ÉÏͻȻ´«À´ÁËÒ»Éù´óº°Éù£¬·Ç³£´Ö³µÄ´ò¶ÏÁËÀîË¹ÌØµÄ»°¡£

    ËÄÖܶÙʱÆðÁËÒ»ÕóÇá΢µÄɧ¶¯£¬Ô¼º²Ò²²»ÓɵÃüͷһÖ壬²»ÂúµÄÄ¿¹âÏò×ÅÄǸö´óº°µÄÀÏÄê°×ÈË¿´Á˹ýÈ¥¡£

    ²»¹ýÀîË¹ÌØÈ´²»ÎªËù¶¯£¬Ëƺõ¶ÔÕâÖÖÊÂÇéÒѾ­Ï°ÒÔΪ³£ÁËÒ»Ñù£¬Ö»Êǵ­µ­µÄ¿´Á˶Է½Ò»Ñ۾ͽÓ×Å˵µÀ£º¡°¾ÍÔÚÎåÄêǰ£¬ÎҸոջص½Â׶صÄʱºòÔø¾­Ôâµ½¹ýһȺÐÞÅ®µÄΧ¹¥£¬ÒòΪËýÃÇÈÏΪÈ˵ÄÉúËÀÊÇÓÉÉϵÛÖ÷Ô׵ģ¬ÎÒËùÐûÑïµÄÏû¶¾Êµ¼ÊÉÏÊÇÎ¥·´Éϵ۵ÄÖ¼Ò⣬ÊÇÀë¾­ÅѵÀµÄ¶ñħ£¡ÔÚ´ËÎÒÏëҪ˵µÄÊÇ£¬Èç¹ûÕâλÏÈÉúµÄÏë·¨ºÍÄÇЩÐÞÅ®ÃÇÒ»Ñù£¬ÄÇôÎÒÏëÎÒÃÇÊÇûÓÐʲô¹²Í¬ÓïÑÔ£¬µ«ÊÇÈç¹ûÄúºÍÄÇЩÐÞÅ®ÃDz»Í¬£¬ÎªÊ²Ã´²»ÄÜÌýÌýÎÒºóÃæµÄ½âÊÍ£¬¿´¿´ÎÒÓÐʲôÑùµÄÖ¤¾ÝÄØ£¿¡±

    ¸Õ²ÅÄǸö½Ðº°µÄ°×ÈËÀÏͷûÓнӻ°£¬³ÁĬÁËÏÂÈ¥¡£

    Ô¼º²°µ°µËÉÁËÒ»¿ÚÆøµÄͬʱ£¬ÀîË¹ÌØÎ¢Î¢Ò»Ð¦ºó½Ó×Å˵µÀ£º¡°ÔÚ°Í˹µÂÏÈÉúµÄÀíÂÛÖ§³ÖÏ£¬ÎÒºÍÄÇλÁîÈË×ð¾´µÄÈüÂó¶ûά˹ÏÈÉúÒ»Ñù£¬Éè¼ÆÁËÒ»Ì×Ïû¶¾µÄ·½·¨ÔÚÊÖÊõÖÐʹÓ㬵ÈÏ´ó¼Ò¾Í¿ÉÒԷdz£Çå³þµØ¿´µ½ÁË¡­¡­¡±

    ¡­¡­

    ²»ºÃÒâ˼°¡£¬½ñÌì¸üкÜÍí¡£ÕâÁ½ÌìÊÂÇéʵÔÚÊǶ࣬ûÓдæ¸åµÄÇé¿öϱ£Ö¤¼°Ê±¸üÐÂÓÐЩÀ§ÄÑ£¬ºóÌìÓ¦¸Ã¾ÍºÃÁË¡£

    ÁíÍ⣬½ñÌìÖ»ÓÐÒ»Õ£¬ÕæÊÇûÓо«ÉñÔÙдÁË£¬±§Ç¸¡£